HP Tru64 UNIX Operating System Version 5.1B-3

The Tru64 UNIX® Operating System is a 64-bit advanced kernel architecture based on Carnegie-Mellon University's Mach V2.5 kernel design, with components from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) 4.3 and 4.4, UNIX System V, and other sources. Tru64 UNIX is an implementation of OSF/1 R1.0, R1.1, and R1.2 technology, and the Motif® graphical user interface and programming environment.

Tru64 UNIX provides symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), real-time support, and numerous features to assist application programmers in developing applications that use shared libraries, multithread support, and memory-mapped files. The full features of the X Window System, Version 11, Release 6.5 (X11R6.5) from The Open Group are supported.

Tru64 UNIX complies with other standards and industry specifications, including major standards sponsored by The Open Group, POSIX, FIPS, and the System V Interface Definition (SVID). By providing support for SVID, Tru64 UNIX supports System V applications. The Tru64 UNIX Operating System is compatible with Berkeley 4.3 programming interfaces.

Tru64 UNIX System Management (SysMan) includes an easy-to-use suite of tools for installing, configuring, and managing a Tru64 UNIX system. SysMan provides centralized administration (the sysman command) for system management tasks. Tru64 UNIX system management provides a set of features for the automation of system installations and configurations.
The SysMan tools and applications provide several user interfaces that allow administrators to manage a Tru64 UNIX system from anywhere:

• A Java^TM Technology-based interface for managing over the Web or from a PC
• A graphical interface based on X Windows
• A Curses interface for character-cell environments
• A command-line interface for scripting, automation, and for auditing system configurations

SysMan's Division of Privileges (DoP) utility allows users to perform privileged actions without the need to know the root password.
SysMan also includes a comprehensive event management mechanism for posting, subscribing, and viewing all system events, including hardware and software.

The update installation procedure updates the operating system from Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1 or Version 5.1A to Version 5.1B, while preserving appropriate system files and existing user-customized files. The Installation Guide shows the successive update paths to reach if a system is running a version of the operating system other than Version 5.1. Version 5.1B-3 does not use the update install mechanism see the documentation that ships with Version 5.1B-3.

During an update installation of the base operating system, Worldwide Language Support (WLS) software is automatically updated as well. It is not necessary to remove WLS software before updating the operating system or to update WLS software as a separate task.

At the beginning of the update installation process, an analysis of a Tru64 UNIX system is done to identify:

• Layered products that prevent the update from continuing
• Layered products that should be reinstalled after the update
• Fatal and nonfatal file system type conflicts
• Available disk space
• Unsupported hardware platforms

Cloning allows administrators to take a snapshot of a fully installed and configured system. Later, administrators can automatically install and configure other systems without the need to go through the set of installation and configuration steps. After a system's configuration has been saved, administrators can apply it manually or automatically to other systems at any time.

System cloning combined with user-defined scripts, which allow for customized scripts to be executed during different phases of the installation process, allow administrators to perform an unattended installation and configuration of a system. Administrators can use cloning for repetitive installations and configurations on multiple systems.

The Tru64 UNIX Server Extensions includes the Remote Installation Service (RIS). RIS sets up a framework on a Tru64 UNIX server system that enables other Tru64 UNIX client systems to do a full, update, or cloned installation (except New Hardware Delivery) of the operating system software and the Worldwide Language Support software over the network from the server system. Additional software (part of option software) can be loaded onto the client system from the RIS server system after the client has been installed. BOOTP is the boot protocol used to initiate the installations. Because of the high bandwidth requirements, RIS is supported only in local area network environments that use Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and FDDI network addresses.

A RIS client can be booted from the following interfaces:

• Internal Ethernet
• The DE422 and DE425 EISA Ethernet option cards
• The DE203, DE204, and DE205 ISA Ethernet option cards
• The DE434, DE435, DE436, DE500, DE504, DE600, and DE602 PCI Ethernet option cards
• The DEFEA EISA family of FDDI option cards
• The DEFPA PCI family of FDDI option cards

Console firmware and all option firmware in the DMS or RIS server and in every client system must be compatible with the version of Tru64 UNIX system software that will be running on that system.

See the Release Notes Overview included with the Console Firmware CD-ROM, which is packaged along with the Tru64 UNIX Operating System software kit (QA-6ADAA-H8), to determine firmware version compatibility.

The Tru64 UNIX Server Extensions include support to install and operate systems in a dataless configuration. A server system maintains the root, /usr, and /var file systems for all client systems. The server maintains one copy of root for each client. The /usr file system is exported read-only and is shared by all clients registered in the environment. Each client has its own /var file system. Dataless clients access the file systems maintained on the server using NFS. A minimum of one disk drive is required on each client for dumping and swapping.

The Dataless Management Utility (dmu) enables the server to register and manage the software areas used by Tru64 UNIX dataless clients. BOOTP is the protocol used to boot the clients and mount the remote file systems.

Online addition and remove of CPUs (OLAR) is supported on AlphaServer GS160 and GS320 systems. This capability can be used to expand capacity, upgrade existing components, and replace failed components while the operating system services and applications continue to run. This functionality provides the benefits of increased system uptime and availability by avoiding scheduled and unscheduled downtime for maintenance and capacity upgrades. Customers can also indict faulty CPU and PCI components within GS160/320 systems for improved serviceability, such as physical removal, including the boot and interrupt-handling CPUs.

OLAR management is integrated with the SysMan suite of system management applications, which provides the ability to manage all aspects of the system from a centralized location.

The SysMan Menu provides a framework to easily execute system management tasks. Administrators have a choice of interfaces, including:

• X11-capable display
• Personal computer running Windows® 95, Windows 98, Windows NT®, Windows 2000, and Windows XP
• Character-cell terminal

The SysMan Station provides a graphical representation of the system and enables administrators to manage the system from a personal computer. The SysMan Station is a Java technology tool that is fully integrated with HP TruCluster Server Version 5.1A and later. SMS allows administrators to remotely manage systems from anywhere - PCs clients, UNIX workstations, or any Alpha system.
Administrators can access the Tru64 UNIX System Management Home Page, System Management Menu, SysMan Station, and the UniCensus Configuration reports easily from any browser using the dedicated Insight Management 2301 HTTP port.

• Kernel Tuner displays and changes parameters of the kernel subsystem.
• Class Scheduler allows the administrator to prioritize jobs and tasks.
• Process Tuner displays, monitors, and manages system processes. A number of sort and filter options are provided to format the information display.
• Environmental Monitoring monitors the thermal, fan, and redundant power supply of Alpha systems that have prerequisite hardware sensor support. The functionality sets user-defined scripts, temperature levels, collection rate, and shutdown grace period, and can start or stop the environmental monitoring state.
• Collect is a lightweight, highly flexible performance collector. Collect can run continuously 7x24 and manage its own logs. For more information, see the Collect reference page.

Tru64 UNIX provides web-based management capabilities by integrating the Insight Manager™ Agents with, insight_manager(5). Insight Manager enables Web-based device monitoring and fault management of local and remote system hardware and software resources. Administrators can access features from any browser using the HP dedicated 2301 HTTP port.
Insight Manager for Tru64 UNIX includes SNMP-based subagents for presenting SNMP data through any web browser. The SNMP subagents supply a rich set of HP Enterprise MIBs, which provide hardware information, status, and statistics of CPU and memory boards, I/O devices, SCSI-based storage devices, Network Interface Cards, and Environmental devices, such as temperature sensors, fans, and power supplies.

Storage Management products and features provide an integral extension to Tru64 UNIX system management functionality. The following products include valuable storage management features that ship with the Tru64 UNIX base product and related information on storage features available through the purchase of layered products.

Tru64 UNIX Logical Storage Manager (LSM) is an integrated host-based solution for data storage management. Basic LSM functionality, including disk spanning and concatenation, is provided with the base operating system and is free of charge. Additional features, such as disk striping, mirroring, and a graphical user interface, are available with a separate license. LSM is RAID Advisory Board (RAB) certified for RAID Levels 0, 1, 0 +1, and 5. See the LAYERED PRODUCTS section of these QuickSpecs and the LSM QuickSpecs for more information.

NetWorker provides automated backup and recovery of files on a local system. The SingleServer version is supplied free of charge with Tru64 UNIX and provides automated backup and recovery of the direct attached storage devices. Users can purchase upgrade licenses to access the benefits of the full NetWorker product from Legato Systems, Inc. See the LAYERED PRODUCTS section of these QuickSpecs for more information.

Tru64 UNIX provides graphical presentation of the following commands:

• The iostat command (I/O statistics)
• The netstat command (network statistics)
• The vmstat command (virtual memory statistics)
• The who command

Tru64 UNIX provides the following service tools:
The sys_check data gathering and reporting tool gives the current state of a system, including configuration information, microcode information, and Tru64 UNIX parameter settings.

Revision and Configuration Management (RCM)
The RCM tool collects system configuration and revision data information. The data is stored in the RCM Server at HP Services and the server is then used to create detailed revision and configuration reports. Please note that on DSxx (e.g. DS20), ESxx (e.g. ES40) and GSxx (e.g. GS160) AlphaServers, RCM requires WEBES to be installed for it to collect FRU data.

WEB-Based Enterprise Service (WEBES) Version 4.4.1 is an extension of the HP industry-leading Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) technology and provides a core of common service tool functionality across some HP product platforms. RCM while using some of the WEBES functionality is no longer packaged with WEBES as of WEBES V4.2. The tool functionality contained in the WEBES kit includes the following:

- System Event Analyzer (symptom directed hardware diagnosis tool)
- Compaq Crash Analysis Tool (symptom directed operating system software diagnosis tool)

• System Event Analyzer (formerly known as "Compaq Analyze")
  System Event Analyzer is a hardware diagnosis software tool that provides analysis for single errors or fault events at a rudimentary level, as well as multiple event and complex analysis. System Event Analyzer is the enabling technology for indictment of failing CPUs in support of the CPU OLAR (online addition and removal of CPUs) functionality. See the System Event Analyzer User Guide for details.
• Compaq Crash Analysis Tool (CCAT)
  CCAT is a software application tool that helps service engineers and system managers to analyze operating system crashes on site.

The Tru64 UNIX file system architecture is based on the OSF/1 Virtual File System (VFS), which is based on the Berkeley 4.3 Reno Virtual File System. VFS provides a standard interface for file access regardless of the physical file system in which the files reside.

Tru64 UNIX supports the file system types described in this section.

The Advanced File System is a journaled, self-tuning, local file system that provides higher availability and greater flexibility than traditional UNIX file systems. Using transaction journaling, AdvFS provides increased file system integrity and recovers file domains in seconds rather than hours after an unexpected restart.

Administrators can resize file domains dynamically to allocate or deallocate storage while the system is running, and to set quotas for users, groups, and filesets. Quotas can have hard and soft limits, which specify a period of time that a quota can be exceeded.

AdvFS file storage is defined by extents, which are contiguous areas of disk storage. The AdvFS defragment utility can reduce the number of file extents needed by each file in a domain by making file's data blocks contiguous on disk. Files with fewer, larger extents have less metadata overhead and will show better performance because less I/O operations are required to access a file. AdvFS also supports direct I/O. This feature supplies applications that do their own cache and I/O management - for instance a database - with the ability to bypass the AdvFS cache and I/O management algorithms and deliver near raw disk performance while still providing all of the system management benefits of a file system.

The AdvFS /, /usr, and /var filesets are configured during installation. The system has generous configuration capabilities. Administrators can mount 232-1 filesets and file domains.

Users can select Atomic Data Logging of a file, which guarantees user data integrity in the event of a system failure.
A single AdvFS file domain may contain up to 256 physical or logical volumes/LUNs with an AdvFS Utilities license installed. See the System Configuration and Tuning guide for volumes per domain, file domain, and fileset recommendations.

• The maximum physical volume size is 1 TB-512 K.
• The maximum number of files in a fileset is 2³¹. (This number is limited by the length of the tag that is used to uniquely identify a file in a fileset.)
• The maximum size of an AdvFS file and fileset is 16 TB - 512 K (2¹³ * 2³²), with an 8 K page size and a 31-bit page number.

AdvFS supports backups of mounted filesets. These backups are done with the vdump or rvdump utilities, which back up files and any associated extended attributes (including ACLs) from a single mounted fileset or clone of the fileset to a local or remote storage device. For more information, see the AdvFS Administration guide. The vrestore and rvrestore commands restore any associated extended attributes, including ACLs, in the archive data.AdvFS includes the fixfdmn file system repair utility. This utility performs in-place repair of AdvFS file system metadata. This is a first-generation, offline, in place, AdvFS metadata repair tool. The goal of this tool is to mount an unmountable damaged file system after it has been repaired for mounting and I/O operations.

An AdvFS API exists for applications needing access to AdvFS-specific file attributes.

The disk-structure analysis commands allow the system administrator to examine the low-level structures of files, filesets, and file domains. The verify and slavage utilities may also be useful if a file system has become unmountable by the system disk due to hardware or software problems.

The right to use the Advanced File System is granted by the Tru64 UNIX Operating System license.

AdvFS Utilities is a separately licensed layered product that expands the capabilities of AdvFS as follows:

• Permits adding more than one volume to a file domain.
• Enables cloning - enables the application to remain on line during backup by creating a read-only copy (clone) of an active fileset.
• Enables performance tuning, such as striping files across multiple volumes to improve read/write performance, balancing the domain to even out the percentage of free space among the volumes of a multivolume file domain, and migration to optimize disk usage.
• Enables creating a trashcan directory to store files that are deleted.
• Provides full support for hardware-initiated cloning and snapshot based third-party backup solutions.
• Takes advantage of physical storage volume growth.
• See the LAYERED PRODUCTS section of these QuickSpecs for more information on the AdvFS Utilities.

Tru64 UNIX NFS V2 allows transparent file access over TCP/IP networks. The Network Information System (NIS) is provided for centralized system management of files. The automount service automatically mounts and unmounts NFS file systems. AutoFS provides the same services as the automount daemon but provides greater scalability and improved performance. The NFS locking service allows advisory and record locks to be used with remotely mounted files. Automount will be retired in a future release of the operating system. Instructions for migrating from automount to autofs have been provided in the Network Administration Services guide. Additional instructions for migrating from automount to autofs in a cluster can be found in the TruCluster Server Release Notes.

Tru64 UNIX provides an NFS V3 server and client protocol implementation in addition to V2. NFS V3 includes 64-bit support for file access, exclusive create semantics, negotiable transfer sizes, safe asynchronous writes, added support for access checking, and other changes designed to increase efficiency and performance. NFS file systems can use either the UDP or TCP transport protocols.
Network Lock Manager (NLM) V4 includes support for files larger than 2 GB. Support for additional over-the-wire error code is also provided. NLM V3 is supported for NFS V2 compatibility.

V2 PC-NFS server support is provided to enable connectivity from PC-NFS V5.1B-3, V5.1B-2, V5.1B-1, V5.1B, V5.1A, 5.1, 4.0, and 3.5 clients.

The Tru64 UNIX implementation of CDFS is based on ISO 9660, a standard for a volume and file structure for the interchange of information using CD-ROM. Tru64 UNIX CDFS is based on the following levels of ISO 9660:

• Level 2 of Interchange
• Level 1 of Implementation, which enables the user to mount single-volume CD-ROMs that are formatted in compliance with ISO 9660 as a local file system
• Listing and examination of files using standard UNIX utilities and programs
• Reading of files and directories using the standard POSIX system interface
• NFS export mounted ISO 9660 file systems
• Support for the High Sierra Group extensions that provide compatibility with older-format CD-ROMs

CDFS also supports CD-ROMs recorded using the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol, Revision 1.09, August 1991. Rock Ridge specifies the use of the extension fields that are defined by ISO 9660:1988, and it uses those extensions to provide the following information:

• File owner, file group, file permissions
• Additional file types (symbolic links, device special files, named pipes)
• The setuid, setgid, and sticky bits
• Hard link counts
• POSIX file names (mixed-case names, unstructured names, and longer names than ISO-9660:1988 allows)
• Deep directory hierarchies (greater than eight levels)
• File time stamps

XCDR extensions allow users to examine selected ISO 9660 attributes through defined utilities and shared libraries. A system administrator can substitute different file protections, owners, and file names for CD-ROM files.

CDFS supports the organization of multiple sessions on one CD-ROM volume. The maximum number of CDFS mounts is 512. The contents of all sessions are available as one file system and are not separately available. Users can access DVD disks using the CDFS file system.

The Tru64 UNIX implementation of DVDFS is based on the ECMA 167 Universal Disk Format (UDF) specification Version 2.00.
DVDFS gives the administrator the ability to mount and read UDF formatted Digital Versatile Disks on a single node as well as in a cluster.

Tru64 UNIX provides comprehensive protection for IPv4 and IPv6 network traffic through support of the IPsec protocol suite. Encryption, data-origin authentication, data integrity protection, and compression of encrypted data is available through the AH, ESP, and IPCOMP protocols, supported in both tunnel and transport modes. Encryption can be performed using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES and 3DES). Authentication can be performed using the SHA-1 and MD5 algorithms.

The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol is fully supported for authentication and key exchange. Authentication can be via pre-shared keys, or through RSA or DSA certificates.

IPsec security policy is managed through the SysMan graphical user interface. IPsec protection cannot be applied to traffic that uses the cluster alias feature of the TruCluster product.

The Packetfilter software interface allows an application to send and receive packets directly to or from a LAN (Ethernet or FDDI). The Packetfilter provides flexible filtering of incoming packets, so that many such applications can run simultaneously.

The Tru64 UNIX Packetfilter supports two filtering models: the CMU/Stanford model supported in ULTRIX, and the BSD Packet Filter (BPF), which provides more flexible and efficient filtering. BPF was developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The Packetfilter pseudo-driver can support up to 255 simultaneous open filters (each filter is usually mapped to one instance of an application program).

Several public domain applications that use the Packetfilter are integrated in Tru64 UNIX, including rarpd, tcpdump, tcpslice, nfswatch, and nfslogsum.

The SNMP agent allows management of the Internet, FDDI, system resources, and network resources using the SNMP. The agent is extensible, allowing software developers to add MIBs to the agent and to participate in the SNMP.

The SNMP agent contains full SNMP V2.c agents, fully compatible with V1.0 MIB implementations, for managing Internet MIB-2 objects, and FDDI objects. Support for AgentX is provided in V5.0A.

The Tru64 UNIX Asynchronous Transfer Mode subsystem supports the ATM Forum's User-Network Interface (UNI) V3.0 and V3.1 specifications, including the Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) protocol for registration of up to 32 addresses per interface, UNI signaling for point-to-point connections, and best-effort and CBR VCs for AAL5 PDUs. Also, per-VC cell pacing (to limit the rate at which an end-system transmits) is supported.

The ATM subsystem supports Classical IP (RFC 1577), including support for multiple IP subnets, per-VC MTU negotiation, and packetfilter access to data into and out of the host.

LAN Emulation over ATM is supported (Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 frames only), for carrying IP and LAT protocols. Support is based on the ATM Forum V1.0 specification. Packetfilter access is provided to emulate LAN data into and out of the host.

Tru64 UNIX provides limited support for IP switching over ATM, based on the Ipsilon Networks Inc. reference model (RFC 1953 and 1954). Only one IP switching network device is supported per host, and an ATM adapter used for IP switching cannot simultaneously support ATM Forum UNI or ILMI protocols.

The ATM subsystem (except IP switching and PVCs) can be configured with the atmsetup utility to start automatically at boot time.
Tru64 UNIX does not support the UNI V3.0 and V3.1 specifications for full ATM Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information Bases (MIBs), point-to-multipoint connections, Operations and Maintenance (OAM) flows, VBR VCs, AAL1, AAL3/4, or raw AAL.

Tru64 UNIX supports the Level 2 end-system IP Multicast functionality, specified in RFC 1112, on Ethernet and FDDI. The implementation provides integrated multicast address management for multi-protocol environments.

The Tru64 UNIX implementation also provides kernel routines for encapsulating IP tunnels to enable wide area IP Multicast routing.

These routines include kernel code from public domain Multicast support Version 3.5 and mrouted (Version 3 Copyright 1989 by the Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford University), which provides the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP).

Tru64 UNIX supports the Domain Name System (DNS) as described in RFC 1034 and RFC 1035, providing a host name and address lookup service for the Internet network. The Tru64 UNIX implementation of the Domain Name System is based on BIND Version 8.2.2p5 . The user can use BIND to supplement the host's database.

Tru64 UNIX also supports the Sun™ Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages (YP). NIS can be used to replace or supplement hosts, aliases, group, networks, password, protocols, rpc, and services databases.

The following number of logins have been tested:

• RLOGIN: 7,043*
• Telnet: 12,395*
• LAT: 4,575*

*These numbers can vary depending on hardware configurations and user workloads.

The Tru64 UNIX Operating System, running Enhanced Security, is designed to meet, and in some cases exceed, the requirements of the C2 evaluation class of DoD 5200.28-STD "Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria," also known as the Orange Book.
Tru64 UNIX supports various configurations and setup scripts, which allow selection of such desired Enhanced Security features as extended passwords, audit, and access control lists (ACLs).

System administrators can choose between command-line interfaces or GUIs.

All security mechanisms on Tru64 UNIX are part of the Security Integration Architecture (SIA), which isolates security-sensitive commands from the specific security mechanisms. This eliminates the need to modify the security-sensitive commands for each new security mechanism.

• Secure Shell Software - SSH is bundled with the operating system and is based on Secure Shell Version 3.2.0 software. The Secure Shell software is a client/server software application that provides a suite of secure network commands that can be used in addition to or in place of traditional network commands (such as telnet, ftp and the r* commands). The Tru64 UNIX Secure Shell software implementation is cluster aware and includes one of a kind support for securing the srcmd libc function. When enabled, it transparently secures any application that uses the libc rcmd function, including the r* commands (rsh, rcp, and rlogin).
• Common Data Security Architecture (CDSA) - CDSA has been integrated into the base operating system.

Tru64 UNIX includes the following C2 security features:

• Discretionary Access Controls (DAC) - Allows users to define how the resources they create can be shared. Optional ACLs provide greater granularity of file system object protection at the individual user level than the default DAC protection. The ACL mechanism is designed to POSIX.1e draft 13 with some draft 15 enhancements.
• Auditing - Allows users to monitor normal and unauthorized usage of a system with a choice of a GUI or command-line interface.
• Identification and Authentication - Password length and lifetime are based on the Department of Defense Password Management Guideline (Green Book). Features include extensive login controls, such as automatic account lockout, account vacationing, per terminal settings for delays and maximum consecutive failed logins, password usage history, and system-generated password.
• Object Reuse - Ensures that the physical storage that is assigned to shared objects or that is released prior to reassignment to another user does not contain data from previous users.
• Integrity - Allows users to validate the correct operation of hardware, firmware, and software components of the Trusted Computing Base (TCB).
• System Architecture - A separate execution domain is maintained for the Trusted Computing Base (TCB) components using hardware memory management to protect the TCB while it is executing.

Big Pages memory allocation supports mapping a page of virtual memory to 8, 64, or 512 pages of physical memory. Given physical memory's current 8-KB page size, this means that a single page of virtual memory can map to 64, 512, or 4096 KB. Using Big Pages can minimize the performance penalties that are associated with misses in the translation look aside buffer. The result can be improved performance for applications that need to map large amounts of data. Big Pages memory allocation has the following characteristics:

• Enables a virtual page in the process address space to be mapped to the most appropriate multiple-page granularity option supported by the system's physical memory.
• Uses threshold values set on a per memory-type basis to determine whether a memory allocation request is eligible for use of the extended page sizes.
• Enables users to configure the Big Page size utilized by any individual application running on their system.

• Tru64 UNIX provides DataDirect Technologies, Inc., software products to enable ODBC and JDBC connectivity for applications. This is optional software for use in developing and deploying applications and is licensed as part of the Tru64 UNIX operating system license.
• Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1B-3 ships with DataDirect Connect Version 5.0 for ODBC and DataDirect SequeLink Version 5.4.
• SequeLink ODBC Edition is a universal ODBC client component. DataDirect SequeLink ODBC provides transparent connectivity to almost any type of client, network, server, or database.
• For developers working with Java, JDBC provides Java applications to access data sources and databases across platforms. The SequeLink Java Edition is a universal standards-based implementation of JDBC. It is also flexible in design, providing scaleable connectivity from multivendor client, server, and Web environments to industry-leading relational databases. It is optimized and tuned for the Java environment, extending the functionality and performance of existing systems and easily incorporating new technologies.

Tru64 UNIX bundles several browsers with the operating system, namely two variants of the Netscape together and the Mozilla browser. The licenses for these Web browsers are included in the Tru64 UNIX base license. These browsers support several language fonts, such as Japanese, Korean, Unicode, and Simplified Chinese.

• Netscape Communicator 4.76 - The Netscape Communicator Internet Client Worldwide Web browser.
• Netscape Browser 6.2.3 - Tru64 UNIX Version 5.1B includes the Netscape 6.2.3 Web Client, an XML enabled browser by which users can access the Platform Management Utility for the ES80 and the GS1280.
• Mozilla Version 1.7.5 Application Suite for Tru64 UNIX - The Mozilla Application Suite's Web client is the next-generation Web, mail, and news application. Mozilla is an open source Web application created by the Mozilla Foundation. It is designed for standards compliance, performance, and portability.

CDE is the default user interface for Tru64 UNIX.

CDE Version 1.0 includes Motif and is dependent on the underlying Open Group X Window System, Version 11, Release 6 as described in this document.

CDE Version 1.0 provides a common user interface that is available across multiple vendor platforms. CDE offers a range of integrated desktop services, including the following:

• The Front Panel
• Session management
• Window management
• File Manager
• Procedural and object-oriented application integration
• Online information
• Productivity and collaborative tools
• Data interchange
• Environment
• Visuals
• Network services

The graphical mail user agent supplied with CDE, dtmail provides Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME).

Netscape Communicator provides a mail user agent that supports both POP3 and IMAP servers.

Tru64 UNIX supplies mail and mailx for character-cell systems. The mailx/Mail system is compatible with SVID 2, XPG4, and the Berkeley Enhanced mailer (/usr/bin/ucbmail).

For compatibility with previous Tru64 UNIX releases, the MH 6.7.1 user agent is provided. The RAND Corporation developed the MH mail agent as an interface to the mail system.

Tru64 UNIX includes the CDE V1.0/Motif V1.2 graphical user interface. Motif 2.1 also ships with Tru64 UNIX on the Associated Products CD-ROM Volume 2.

The Motif programming environment provides an extensive set of Window system libraries and tools for use by developers of new applications. Provided in both shareable and static versions, these libraries include:

• Motif Toolkit (Xm)
• Motif Resource Manager (Mrm)
• User Interface Language (UIL)
• User Interface Language Compiler (UILC)
• Widget Meta-Language Compiler (wml) and description files
• X Toolkit Intrinsics Library (Xt)
• X Library (Xlib)

• X Image Extensions (V5)
• Inter-Client Communications Conventions Manual Update — Tru64 UNIX supports Version 2.0 of the ICCCM
• Inter-Client Exchange Protocol and Library
• X Session Management Protocol and Library
• Input Method Protocol
• X Logical Font Descriptions (update)
• SYNC extension
• XTEST extension
• BIG-REQUESTS extension
• XC-MISC extension

Under The Open Group's UNIX branding program, HP has received the UNIX 98 brand for the Tru64 UNIX Operating System, the UNIX 98 Workstation brand, and the Common Desktop Environment brand. Tru64 UNIX is licensed to use the UNIX trademark in conjunction with the Tru64 UNIX product.

Tru64 UNIX conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 required for the UNIX 98 brand. It consists of three BASE specifications:

• Commands and Utilities, Issue 5
• System Interface Definitions, Issue 5
• System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 5

In addition, the Single UNIX Specification includes:

• Network Services, Issue 5
• X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2

The UNIX 98 Product Standard is a significantly enhanced version of the UNIX 95 Product Standard. The mandatory enhancements include (1) Threads interfaces, (2) Multibyte Support Extension (MSE), (3) Large File Support, (4) Dynamic Linking, (5) changes to remove hardware data-length dependencies or restrictions, and (6) Year 2000 changes.

UNIX 98 is made up of the following Product Standards:

• Internationalized System Calls and Libraries Extended V2
• Commands and Utilities V3
• C Language
• Sockets V2
• Transport Service (XTI) V2
• Internationalized Terminal Interfaces (XCurses)

The UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard is the same as the UNIX 98 Product Standard, with the addition of the requirement to conform to the Common Desktop Environment Product Standard.

UNIX 98 Workstation is made up of the following Product Standards:

• Internationalized System Calls and Libraries Extended V2
• Commands and Utilities V3
• C Language
• Transport Service (XTI) V2
• Sockets V2
• Intermationalized Terminal Interfaces
• X Window System Application Interface V2
• Motif Toolkit
• Calendaring and Scheduling

This Product Standard defines the X/Open Common Desktop Environment, a common graphical user interface environment for use on systems supporting the X Window System. Although the X/Open's Common Desktop Environment brand specifies only X11R5 components, Tru64 UNIX fully implements X11R6, while maintaining the CDE Standard brand.

The Common Desktop Environment is made up of the following Product Standards:

• X Window System Application Interface V2
• Motif Toolkit
• Calendaring and Scheduling

Tru64 UNIX conforms to the Single UNIX Specification. Under The Open Group's UNIX branding program. HP has received and maintains the UNIX 95 brand for the Tru64 UNIX Operating System.

All Conformance Statement Questionnaires for Tru64 UNIX are provided on The Open Group Web site at the following URL: http://www.opengroup.org/csq/.

• [POSIX2_c_BIND]
• [POSIX2_c_dEV]
• [POSIX2_cHAR_TERM]
• [POSIX2_LOCALEDEF]
• [POSIX2_SW_dEV]
• [POSIX2_UPE]

SVID, Issue 2
Tru64 UNIX conforms to the Base System as specified in Issue 2.

A license to use Tru64 UNIX binaries includes the right to use the included System V Release 3.2 derivatives.

SVID, Issue 3
Tru64 UNIX includes a significant number of commands and interfaces compatible with SVID3.

The Tru64 UNIX shared library scheme is patterned on and compatible with the SVR4 shared library scheme. Tru64 UNIX implements the SVR4 /proc file system, which provides the capability of accessing processes using file semantics. Tru64 UNIX includes STREAMS compatible with System V Release 4.0. Like sockets, STREAMS provides a framework for character I/O between user space and kernel networking protocols.

Tru64 UNIX provides a real-time user and programming environment. The real-time programming environment conforms to the POSIX 1003.1b-1993 standard.

The Tru64 UNIX real-time programming environment provides a fully preemptive kernel (optionally enabled), and supports the following POSIX 1003.1b features:

• Real-time clocks and timers
• Real-time queued signals
• Fixed-priority scheduling policies
• Real-time scheduler priorities
• Counting semaphores
• Shared memory
• Process memory locking
• Asynchronous I/O
• Synchronized I/O
• Process communications facilities
• Message passing interfaces
• Thread-safe implementation of real-time libraries

The compile-time constant (POSIX_4D11) previously provided to preserve compatibility with earlier drafts has been retired.

Tru64 UNIX provides software developers the ability to write multithreaded programs that take full advantage of SMP using POSIX Threads. POSIX Threads provide a pthreads interface that complies with the POSIX 1003.1c semantics. The POSIX Threads implementation provides user space threads that are supported by and cooperate with the threaded kernel of Tru64 UNIX in a comprehensive two-level scheduling model that transparently maintains full concurrency when a thread blocks. In addition, for building libraries whose routines can be called in either a single-threaded or multi-threaded context, POSIX Threads provide a thread-independent services (TIS) interface.

The Visual Threads tool is available to help programmers analyze and debug multi threaded applications for common problems such as deadlock, protection of shared data, and thread usage errors. It can also be used to monitor the thread-related performance of the application.

HP recommends the use of Micro Focus COBOL, as resold by HP, for Tru64 UNIX based COBOL application development. For customers developing HP COBOL applications on HP OpenVMS who also want to deliver HP COBOL based applications on Tru64 UNIX, HP COBOL run-time libraries are licensed with Tru64 UNIX. The HP COBOL compilers are available as a separately licensed layered product.

The HP COBOL run-time support libraries (libcob, libots2,) enable users to run previously compiled programs that require the HP COBOL libraries at run time. These libraries support COBOL program functions in areas including file input and output, decimal arithmetic, the COBOL ACCEPT/DISPLAY statements, STRING/UNSTRING operations, CALL and CANCEL, and more.

Tru64 UNIX provides the Software Development Kit (SDK) v 1.4.1-2 for the Java™ Platform. The SDK implements Sun Microsystems' Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition (J2SDK), v 1.4.1-2.

The SDK includes the basic set of command-line tools, the Class Libraries, and virtual machine implementation needed to develop and run Java applets and applications. The SDK also includes the Fast Virtual Machine (Fast VM) as the default SDK VM. The Fast VM provides optimal runtime performance on Tru64 UNIX systems.

The SDK passes 100 percent of the tests provided in Sun's Java Compatibility Kit. The SDK is included as part of the Tru64 UNIX Operating System kit and is subject to the terms of the Base license for Tru64 UNIX, as well as the additional SDK license. For additional information, see: www.hp.com/software/java/alpha .

• POSIX shell
• C shell
• Bourne shell from System V
• Korn shell

All shells are programmable and allow users to customize their environment.

Tru64 UNIX uses an SVR4-compatible loader to dynamically load shared libraries. This loader provides SVR4 symbol resolution semantics, including symbol preemption.

The COFF object file format is supported for all forms of object files.

• Autoconfiguration support
• Interrupt registration support
• Installation support
• Loadable driver support for the following buses:
  • EISA
  • ISA
  • PCI
  • SCSI peripheral devices
  • VMEbus